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Geometry and topology

Semester 2, 2022

Assignment Topology

Math3061

1. The Dodecahedron ������ and the Dodecahedral graph ������ are

������ = , ������ =

The Euler characteristic ���(��� ) of a polyhedron ��� is defined by

���(��� ) = ��� ��� + ��� = #vertices − #edges + #faces The Euler characteristic ���(���) of a plane graph ��� is defined by

���(���) = ��� ��� + ��� = #vertices − #edges + #faces

where “faces” means all faces=connected components in the complement ℝ2 ⧵ ���, including the outside.

a) Compute the Euler characteristic of the polyhedron ������

b) Compute the Euler characteristic of the plane graph ������

c) Compare the results: how are they related?

2. Find a polygonal form of ��� ���2 # #1���2 # #1��� # #02 by drawing it

3. Identify the following surface ���, given in polygonal form, explicitly by finding numbers ���, ���, ��� with

������ = 0 such that ��� = ���2 # #��� ���2 # #������ # #���2:


��� =

 

Justify your answer

4. Show that the following assertions are equivalent for a graph ���:

a) ��� is a tree

b) ��� is a minimal connected graph, that is, ��� is connected and removing any edge gives a disconnected graph