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Assignment 1

Financial Management FNCE90060

Semester 2, 2022

Overview

One of most common and significant financial decisions people make is whether to buy or to rent a home. In Melbourne, a family-sized home in a suburb within 20km of the CBD costs roughly $1 million and requires maintenance costs of about $7000 per year, growing by 3% per annum. By comparison, the annual rent for a similar home is approximately $36,000.

To purchase, a buyer generally pays a 20% down payment on the purchase price, as well as a stamp duty (tax) of 5.5% payable to the state government. Loans are currently available at about 3.5% interest per annum per on 30-year loans.

Suppose we are making a decision between buying or renting a house.

For simplicity, we’ll make the following assumptions:

▪   Buying Option

1.   The house price is $1 million. And, the house requires maintenance costs of about $7000 per year, growing by 3% per annum.

2.   The buyer needs to pay cash for the down payment (20% of purchase price) and stamp  duty  (5.5%  of purchase price)  and borrows the remaining  80%  of the purchase price at 3.5% interest per annum per on 30-year loans today.

3.   The buyer will sell the house in 9 years. The house is the buyer’s main residence, so capital gain or loss on the sale of the house will be disregarded. (They don’t pay tax on any capital gain, and they can't use any capital loss to reduce their assessable income.)

▪   Renting Option

1.   The annual rent for a similar home is $36,000 this year. There is no down payment to be made for rental option.

▪   Other than the down payment and stamp duty, all cash flows occur lump-sum at the end of the year. This means that a) we’ll estimate loan repayments assuming 30 annual payments are made, the first starting in one year; and b) the first year’s maintenance or rent will similarly be due in one year. (i.e., the first rent payment is $36,000 one year from now.)

We’ll evaluate the following scenarios:

Scenario 1

•   Both house prices and rents grow at 3% per annum

•   After 4 years, the interest rate increases to 4% per annum

Scenario 2

•   Both house prices and rents grow at 2% per annum

•   After 4 years, the interest rate increases to 4.5% per annum

Scenario 3

•   House prices grow at 1% per annum

•   Rents decline by 1% per annum

•   After 4 years, the interest rate decreases to 3% per annum

Questions

1. [1 mark] How much is the first mortgage payment? [Hint: The first mortgage payment solves for C in the equation: Loan Amount = C . AT(N) , where r is the loan rate (interest rate), and N is the number of payment periods.]

2. For each scenario,

a)   [3 mark] What is the balance on the home loan in 9 years, after the 9th  mortgage payment has been made?

[Hint: Perhaps the simplest way to solve this is to use Excel to calculate the year-by- year  balance,  where  Balance(t+1)  =  Balance(t)  +  Balance(t)  *  InterestRate(t)  - Repayment(t+1)]

b)  [2 marks] What is the year-by-year difference in net cash flows for renting versus buying, assuming that in year 9 the house is sold and the remaining loan balance is repaid?

3. [2 marks] Suppose that any cash not spent on housing costs can be invested at an 6% after- tax return in the stock market. Given your answers to 2(b) above, what is the estimated difference in net wealth for renting versus buying in each of the scenarios? [Hint: For each scenario, calculate the NFV (net future value) of the difference in cash flows in 2(b) using r = 6%.]

4.  [2 mark]  Supposing you view  each  scenario  as  equally  likely  (i.e., you  assign  equal probability to each of the three possibilities (i.e., 1/3) occurring in the future), which would you recommend: buying or renting? Why? 

Comments and Hints

1. In all 3 scenarios, the home loan rate is fixed for the first four years, then it changes and is fixed at the new rate for the remaining years.

2. Regarding the timing of the interest rate change: If, for example, you deposit $100 at year 3, you will have $103.50 at year 4. If the interest rate then rises to 6%, one year later you will have $103.50 * 1.06 = $109.71 at year 5.

3. The loan is only for 80% of the house value that you borrow. Maintenance is paid out of pocket in cash annually.

4. When the house is sold, the remaining loan balance must be repaid.

5. For Question 3, the idea is to work out how much better or worse you would be by renting in terms of your net wealth at year 9.1 You can do this by solving for the NFV of the annual difference in cash flows for renting versus buying.

6. You can think of housing costs as all the (negative) cash flows that are related to housing. For example, housing costs are either rent (if you rent) or the down payment, stamp duty,

maintenance, mortgage payments etc (if you buy).