Hello, dear friend, you can consult us at any time if you have any questions, add WeChat: daixieit

IPE01002

Spring Semester 2020-21    (2.5 hours)

Foundations of Physics with Computing

SECTION A

Answer ALL questions from this section

1.

(a)    State Coulombs Law, defining all symbols and units                                                          [3]

(b)    A hollow metal sphere, radius R, carries a positive charge distributed uniformly over its    [2]

surface. Sketch a graph showing the variation of electric field strength with distance from the centre of the sphere.

Your graph should include positions both inside and outside the sphere.

(c)    A filament lamp has a potential difference of 230V across it, and a resistance of 65Ω . Calculate the following:-

(ii)    The total charge flowing through the lamp in 60 seconds                                                     [  ]2

(d)    A constantan wire is 1.4 m long and has a circular cross-section 0.12 mm in                        [3]

diameter. Calculate the resistance of the conductor, given the resistivity of constantan is 4.56 x10-7  Ω m.

(e)     In the circuit below

 

(i)     Calculate the voltage across the 18Ω resistor

(ii)    Calculate the resistance of the diode

(f)    A student is provided with three resistors of resistances 5Ω, 6 Ω and 11Ω

(i)    Draw a diagram to show how all three resistors can be connected to give maximum resistance. Calculate the maximum resistance.

(ii)    Draw a diagram to show how all three resistors can be connected to give

minimum resistance. Calculate the minimum resistance.


1.

(a)     The magnetic flux density (B) of a long solenoid is given by the formula B = μo nI

Explain the meaning of the symbols on the right hand side of the equation, and state their units.

(b)     A proton, velocity 6.0 x 106 m/s, enters a region of uniform magnetic field (flux

density 0.80 T).

(i)      Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the field on the proton given that its velocity is perpendicular to the field direction.

(ii)     Calculate the radius of the circular path of the proton in the field

(iii)    An electron now enters the field at the same speed and in the same direction

as the proton. Describe how the path of the electron in the field will differ from the path of the proton.

(c)     A 420 μF capacitor is charged to a p.d. of 6.0 V, then disconnected from the power supply and discharged through a resistor of 470Ω resistance.

Calculate:

(i)      the initial charge on the capacitor before it starts discharging

(ii)     the time constant of the discharging circuit

(iii)   the potential difference across the capacitor 0.20 s after the discharge starts (iv)    the time taken for the potential difference to decrease to 50 mV


3.

(a)

Draw a system block diagram for a microcontroller, identifying common elements found in each sub-system.

[5]

(b)

When connecting devices to a microcontroller they can be either digital or analogue.

 

(i)

Explain what the difference is between these two signal types

[2]

(ii)

Why would it be more typical for the signal to be defined in voltage rather than current

[2]

(c)

A display panel comprising 8 independent signal lights is driven by a chip that requires only 3 digital signals from a microcontroller.

 

(i)

Explain how the microcontroller can create the 8 different states from only 3 signals and draw a suitable truth table

[3]

(ii)

The software which writes to the digital outputs can only access the IO port in bytes. If the last value written out was 11001100B,

 

Explain how the least significant bit could be change to a ‘1’ without affecting the other bits.

[2]

Then explain how the most significant bit could be changed to a ‘0’ without changing the           [2]

other bits.

(d)        The microcontroller is taking information in from an encoder which uses gray code, give the      [4] truth table for gray code (up to 2 bits) and give an example of when this would be used and

why



4.

You are one of several designers working on a series of microcontrollers which will be used in a water purification system.

Part one passes the water through a metal filter to sieve out large objects (greater than 1 cm in diameter). When the flow through the filter decreases significantly, the operator must       replace the filter with a new one. The low flow is detected using a pressure sensor on the     inflow pipe, high pressure indicates a block filter

(i)        The pressure sensor produces a signal of 0 to 3.5V which scales to 0 – 100Bar, and you are using a microcontroller operating on 5V logic

Write some pseudocode to read the analogue input, scale and test against a reference setting  of 15Bar. When this pressure is reached, create a digital output which will flash an LED with a frequency of 2Hz.

[5]

(assume an 8 bit analogue input)

(ii)        Part two takes this cleaned water from a large holding tank and passes it to a smaller

cleaning tank where the water is treated with chemicals to kill any bacteria. It is important     that the amount of chemicals added matches the flow rate of the water from the tank, and this is measured using an acidity sensor. The microcontroller must open and close a valve (it can either only be on or off), to maintain the acidity at pH4. A lower pH means you need to stop  adding chemicals, and high pH means you need to increase the amount of chemicals.

Draw a system block diagram for this controller, and explain whether it is open loop or closed loop.

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using open loop vs closed loop control                   [5]

(iii)       Part three must neutralise the acid by adding an alkali, and this process creates an insoluble

salt which falls to the bottom ofthe tank as a sediment. The controller now uses a optical   scanning system to pass a light through the water tank, and then measure how much light   passes through by detecting the received light using a light dependent resistor. The light     sources are high power red, yellow and blue, laser diodes which need to be powered by an external voltage supply (not the microcontroller). As the light level falls the analogue input voltage should increase.

[5]

Draw an electrical diagram of how this optical scanning system could be implemented using an Arduino Uno microcontroller.

(iv)       A microcontroller is only one option when designing a system. Other options include using a     [5]

desktop computer, a PLC, or dedicated hardware. Explain some of the advantages or             disadvantages of this choice specifically linked to the following; hardware cost, design         flexibility, engineering complexity (programming or circuitry), maintenance, and reliability.

 


SECTION B

There are NO QUESTIONS in this section.

 

IPE/PLK;

(MEE/AF)


PHYSICAL CONSTANTS