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Problem Set 5

Due on April 23, 2025

(30 points total) Pro Forma Analysis.

You have the opportunity to buy an existing retail center.  There is already a large grocer anchoring the building, with an existing lease that expires in 2032. You expect to find three additional tenants to fill out the property, but recognize this will take a year or two as you need to renovate some parts of the building.  Specifically, you want to swap out the linoleum floors in the non-grocer vacancies with hardwood flooring to attract better tenants.  Please answer the following questions using an Excel spreadsheet.  You are encouraged to use the provided template.

1.  (3 pts) Using the data in Table 1, compute the following:

(a)  Net Operating Income

(b)  Net Sale Price

2.  (3 pts) Now consider two options you can use to finance acquisition of the property, shown in Table 2. Answer the following:

(a) What is the average interest rate for each financing option?

(b) What is the return on equity of each option in year 1? year 5?

3.  (6  pts)  Assume  for  the remainder  of this question that you’ve chosen the simpler financing option, Option 1. Calculate the following:

(a)  Before-Tax Operating Cash flows

(b)  Before-Tax Cash at Sales (Equity Reversion)

(c) Property IRR

4.  (4 pts) An equity investor is debating whether to sign on for the project.  Answer the following:

(a)  Compute the equity dividend ratio the first year the property is stabilized

(b)  Compute the equity investor’s NPV of the asset over the full 7 years

(c)  Should the equity investor take on the project with you? Why?

5.  (6 pts) Let’s calculate the tax bill.  Remember, this is a commercial property, so you can depreciate it and any permanent capital improvements.

(a)  Calculate the annual tax bill due to operations.

(b)  Calculate the tax bill due at sale.

(c) How does this impact the property’s IRR?

6.  (8  pts)  Now assume that you are considering forming a joint venture as a limited partner, bringing on a general partner to focus on day-to-day operations.  Assume that you want to contribute 90% of equity, while the GP would contribute 10% of equity. The target IRR of the project for the LP is 15%.  Consider the following two contracts:

•  Cash flows from operations are distributed such that you (LP) receive a preferred return of 8%, and the GP receives a (non-preferred) return of 5%.  Cash flows from sale are distributed according to the lookback IRR, along with before-tax equity reversions.

•  Cash flows from operations are distributed pari passu, according to each partners’ proportion of the initial equity investment.  Cash flows from sale are distributed according to required IRR, along with before-tax equity reversions.

If there are any negative cash flows from operations, assume these losses are split pari passu in both contracts. Calculate the following for each of the contract options:

(a)  Before-tax operating cash flows to the LP and GP

(b) Total before-tax cash flow at sale to the LP and GP

(c) Before-tax IRR to the LP and GP

(d) Before-tax NPV to the LP and GP

Table 1: Pro Forma Inputs

Building Characteristics Square Footage:

Acquisition Price:

Share value from land:

Sale Year:

Holding Period:

16,000

$6,000,000

20%

2025

7 years

Expected Leasing Schedule Base Rent:

Rent Growth per year:

Grocer share, already signed:

Tenant 2, expected year 2:

Tenant 3, expected year 2:

Tenant 4, expected year 3:

$37/ft2

4%

60%

15%

15%

5%

Expenses

Property Taxes:

Insurance:

Common Area Maintenance:

Annual recurring cost growth:

1st year flooring upgrade:

Replacement Reserve (% fo sales price):

$66,000

$10,000

$12,000

2%

$5/ft2

2%

Assumptions

Going-out cap rate:

Deductible selling expenses (% of sale value):

Discount rate:

Tax rate on capital gains:

Tax rate on depreciation:

Federal Income tax rate:

Straight-line depreciation of structure (years):

Straight-line depreciation of capital (years):

6%

8%

9%

15%

25%

37%

39

5

Table 2: Financing Options

Option 1 Option 2

LTV:

Amortization:

Interest Rate:

LTV:

Amortization:

Interest Rate:

1st Mortgage

70% 60%

Interest Only Interest Only

6% 4%

Mezzanine Debt

20%

Interest Only

9%

Short Answer Questions (4 pts per question; 8 points in total).

1. You are considering whether to buy a property for $1,000,000.  You expect it to earn NOI of $75,000 per year.  You have lined up a fixed rate loan at 6% per year, with a loan-to-value ratio of 0.65, and it fully  amortizes  over  25 years.   You  must pay origination fees equal to 3% of the loan amount. Calculate the equity dividend rate.

2. Which of the following must be  added back to before tax cash flows (BTCF) to work towards calculating taxable income?  For each item, provide a reason why it is  (or is not) added back.

□ Capital Expenditures

□ Replacement Reserves

□ Mortgage Interest Payments

□ Mortgage Principal Payments

□ Depreciation of Capital Expenditures

True/False/Uncertain and Explain (4 pts per question; 8 points in total). No points for guessing. Your grade depends entirely upon the quality of your explanation.

1.  In any joint venture or operating agreement, cash flow distributions will match the equity contribution shares of the investors.  For example, if each of 5 investors puts in 20% of the needed equity contribution, they will receive 20% of the cash flows from operations and sale.

2.  Suppose the federal tax code is changed to allow for 100% bonus depreciation of im- provements to real estate properties.  Before this change, only straight line depreciation was allowed over 8 years for the improvements you are considering.  Now you can de- preciate the entire cost of the improvements in the year they are made.  Assuming nothing else changes, this will change the before tax cash flows of your building during the year you make the improvements.