CPT109 C programming and SW engineering 1 Lab Practice 4 – Operators and Functions

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CPT109 C programming and SW engineering 1

Lab Practice 4 - Operators and Functions

Use your preferred compiler to investigate the programming exercises below. This laboratory concerns an investigation of operations including the increment and decrement operators ++ and -- as well as some accumulators such as +=,  *=, etc. You will also design, write and document simple modular programs that use functions.

Operations

Exercise 1

Study the following code and write down what you think is printed. Also, provide a simple justification for each answer.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void){

int a, b=0, c=0;

a = ++b + ++c;

printf("%d %d %d\n", a , b ,c);

a = ++b + c++;

printf("%d %d %d\n", a , b ,c);

a = b-- + --c;

printf("%d %d %d\n", a , b ,c);

}

Here are some additional assignment operators

+=       -=         *=        /=

which can be used to simplify your statements. The general form of a statement involving these operators is:

variable op= expression;

where the variable can be any numerical variable you have defined in your program and op is an operator such as + - * / etc.

The previous statement is equivalent with:

variable  = variable op (expression);

Note the parenthesis surrounding expression.

The following table illustrateshow assignment expressions are evaluated.                                      

Declarations and Initialisations

int i=1, j=2, m=3, k=4;

Expression

Parenthesised

Equivalent

Value

i += j+k

i += (j+k)

i = i + (j+k)

7

j *= k=m+5

j *= (k=(m+5))

j = j * (k=(m+5))

16

Exercise 2

Consider the following code:

int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;

a += b += c += 7;

Write an equivalent statement that it is fully parenthesised. What are the final values of the variables a, b and c?

Exercise 3

Find and write down the value of quack after each line:

int quack = 2;

quack += 5;

quack *= 10;

quack -= 6;

quack /= 8;

Exercise 4

Write a program that asks the user to input an integer and then prints all the integers from (and including) that value up to (and including) a value larger by 10. That is, if the input is 5 the output runs from 5 to 15. Make sure you separate each output value by a space, comma or a new line.

Use a while loop to keep doing all of the above, until the user inputs a character.

Basic Functions

Exercise 5

Write a function called mul2 that takes as its argument an integer and that returns an integer to say if the input argument is a multiple of 2.

Write a second function mul3 that takes as argument an integer and that returns an integer to say if the input argument is a multiple of 3.

Use these two functions to write a program that reads in an integer and that indicates if the input integer is odd, not a multiple of 3 and not a multiple of 6.

Hint: the % operator returns the remainder of a division

Exercise 6

The Fibonacci series 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, begins with 0 and 1 and has the property that each subsequent Fibonacci number is the sum of the previous two Fibonacci numbers.

Write a recursive function fibonacci(i) that calculates the ith Fibonacci number and then use it to write a program that reads in an integer number n and prints out thenth Fibonacci number.

Exercise 7

A player rolls two dice. Each die has six faces. These faces contain 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 spots.

Craps is a gambling game played in casinos using dice. The rules are as follows:

.     The player rolls the dice and the sum of the spots on the two upward faces is calculated.

.     If the sum is 7 or 11 on the first throw, the player wins.

.     If the sum is 2, 3, or 12 on the first throw (called “craps”), the player loses (casino wins).

.     If the  sum  is 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 on the first throw, then that sum becomes the player’s “point” .

.     To win, you must continue rolling the dice until you make your “point” again.

.     The player loses by rolling a 7 before making the “point” .

Using the C random number generator, write a program that simulates this game.

Hint:  You might need to include the header file time.h in the program which contains definitions of functions to get and manipulate date and time information


2023-12-23