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ECON 152

SEMESTER ONE, 2022

ECONOMICS

Principles of Economics

1 Question 1

Given , this means that:

Select one alternative:

Real GDP per capita is equal to the share of the population that is working.

Real GDP per capita cannot grow unless both Y/N and N/Pop are increasing at the same time.

Real GDP per capita can only grow if we increase the quantity of goods and services each worker produces.

Real GDP per capita can only grow if we increase the share of the population working.

Real GDP per capita is the product of average labour productivity and the share of the population that is working.

2 Question 2

A fashion designer sells it branded products in different countries around the word. One product it       sells is sunglasses, and it believes it can split its consumers into two submarkets:  consumers located within its own country (called domestic consumers, denoted dom” ) and consumers located overseas (called international consumers, denoted int” ). The demand curves, in any given period, for these      two different types of consumers are given as follows:

Pdom = 1000 – Qdom; Pint = 500 – 0.5Qint . They face a total cost function of: TC = 1,500 + 20Q.          Suppose that this designer, being a monopolist over its brand, decides to practice third degree price discrimination by charging a different price in each submarket. What will be the price charged and   quantity sold in each submarket?

Select one alternative:

1000 pairs of sunglasses sold in the domestic market at a price of $500 per pair; 1000 pairs of sunglasses sold in the international market at a price of $500 per pair.

500 pairs of sunglasses sold in the domestic market at a price of $500 per pair; 500 pairs of sunglasses sold in the international market at a price of $250 per pair.

417 pairs of sunglasses sold in the domestic market at a price of $583 per pair; 417 pairs of sunglasses sold in the international market at a price of $291.50 per pair.

490 pairs of sunglasses sold in the domestic market at a price of $510 per pair; 480 pairs of sunglasses sold in the international market at a price of $260 per pair.

24 pairs of sunglasses sold in the domestic market at a price of $976 per pair; 49 pairs of sunglasses sold in the international market at a price of $476 per pair.

3 Question 3

Diagram 1

The firm's situation, shown in the diagram above, represents the:

Select one alternative:

Short run, because ATC is not equal to AVC.

Short run, because MC is not equal to AVC.

Long run, because MC is upward-sloping.

Long run, because ATC is not equal to AVC.

Short run, because marginal cost is upward-sloping.

4 Question 4

Suppose a perfectly competitive firm faces a price of $15 per unit of its product, and is currently  producing a quantity where its marginal cost is $14 per unit. Which of the following statements is correct:

Select one alternative:

This firm would increase its profit by increasing its output.

This firm must be breaking even.

The quantity this firm is producing is the one which maximises its profit.

This firm would shut down in the short run.

This firm is operating at a point where the marginal cost exceeds the marginal revenue.

5 Question 5

Questions 5 to 8 refer to Diagram 2, and Table 1 below.

Diagram 2: Consumption-leisure choice for an individual.

Table 1

Wage ($ per hour)

Labour supplied (hours/24)

30

(i)

20

9

16

(ii)

In Diagram 2, when the wage goes up from $16 to $20 per hour, this individual’s new optimal             consumption bundle contains _____ leisure hours and _______ total utility compared to their optimal consumption bundle at the lower wage.

Select one alternative:

Fewer; the same.

Fewer; lower.

More; lower.

More; higher.

Fewer; higher.

6 Question 6

Diagram 2: Consumption-leisure choice for an individual.

Table 1

Wage ($ per hour)

Labour supplied (hours/24)

30

(i)

20

9

16

(ii)

Based on the information in Diagram 2, (i) in Table 1 is ____ labour hours, and (ii) is ____ labour hours.

Select one alternative:

8; 7.

7; 8.

17; 16.

16; 17.

8; 10.

7 Question 7

Diagram 2: Consumption-leisure choice for an individual.

Table 1

Wage ($ per hour)

Labour supplied (hours/24)

30

(i)

20

9

16

(ii)

Based on the information in Diagram 2, you can tell that this consumers labour supply curve is:

Select one alternative:

A vertical line at a quantity of 9 labour hours supplied.

Upward-sloping for some range of wages between $16 and $20 per hour, but downward- sloping for some range of wages between $20 and $30 per hour.

Downward-sloping for some range of wages between $16 and $20 per hour, but upward- sloping for some range of wages between $20 and $30 per hour.

Strictly downward-sloping for all wages from $16 to $30 per hour, as leisure is a normal good. Strictly upward-sloping for all wages from $16 to $30 per hour, as wage is the price of labour.

8 Question 8

Diagram 2: Consumption-leisure choice for an individual.

Table 1

Wage ($ per hour)

Labour supplied (hours/24)

30

(i)

20

9

16

(ii)

Based on Diagram 2, when wage rises from $16 per hour to $20 per hour, the substitution effect on leisure is ______than the income effect on leisure, and the two effects ______ one another.

Select one alternative:

Smaller; reinforce.

Larger; reinforce.

Smaller; oppose.

The same size as; reinforce.

Larger; oppose.

9 Question 9

Suppose a firm faces a total cost function given by: TC = 5000 + Q, which it achieves by paying employees a fixed salary totaling $3000 per week. What is the marginal cost per unit of output?

Select one or more alternatives:

It depends on the value of Q.

3,000.

5,000.

0.

1.

10 Question 10

If a firm’s total cost function is given by the formula: TC = 400,000 + 4Q, where the fixed costs         comprise expenditures on plant and equipment of $300,000, and salaries for employees of               $100,000. If the firm produces 10,000 units of output, then the fixed cost is equal to $_____ and the average total cost is equal to $_____.

Select one alternative:

400,000; 40.

440,000; 4.

440,000; 44.

400,000; 4.

400,000; 44.

11 Question 11

Which of the following correctly describes an oligopoly?

Select one alternative:

The situation where there are strictly more than 20 firms in a market.

The situation where there is one firm in the market selling a product with no close substitute. The situation where a few of the firms in a market control a significant share of that market. The situation where there are between 10 and 20 firms in a market.

The situation where relatively many small firms in the market sell a differentiated product.

12 Question 12

Questions 12 and 13 refer to Payoff Matrix 1 below:

Payoff Matrix 1.

Firm 2

Facebook Advertising

Google Advertising

Firm 1

Facebook Advertising

1000, 900

1500, 1100

Google

Advertising

900, 1500

1300, 1000

Suppose two firms operate in a market, and must choose an optimal marketing strategy: advertise through Facebook, or advertise through Google. The payoffs for the firms in a given period are      shown by the payoff matrix above. The game is played simultaneously. Which of the statements    below is correct?

Select one alternative:

Firm one has a dominant strategy, which is to advertise through Facebook; Firm two has a dominant strategy, which is to advertise through Google.

Firm one has a dominant strategy, which is to advertise through Facebook; Firm two has no dominant strategy.

Both firms have a dominant strategy in this game, which is to advertise through Google.    Both firms have a dominant strategy in this game, which is to advertise through Facebook. Neither firm has a dominant strategy in this game.

13 Question 13

Questions 12 and 13 refer to Payoff Matrix 1 below:

Payoff Matrix 1.

Firm 2

Facebook Advertising

Google Advertising

Firm 1

Facebook Advertising

1000, 900

1500, 1100

Google

Advertising

900, 1500

1300, 1000

Based on the payoff matrix above, what will be the Nash Equilibrium (or Nash Equilibria) of this game?

Select one alternative:

Both firms advertise through Facebook.

There is no Nash Equilibrium for this game.

Firm 1 advertises through Facebook while Firm 2 advertises through Google.

Both firms advertise through Google.

Firm 1 advertises through Google while Firm 2 advertises through Facebook.

14 Question 14

Questions 14 to 17 relate to the information in Box 1 below.

Box 1.

A market consists of 10 identical consumers, each with a demand curve of P = 20 – Q. The marginal cost of producing this good is constant and equal to $2 per unit.

14. If this good is a public good, then the aggregate willingness to pay curve has the form:

Select one alternative:

P = 200 – 10Q.

P = 200 – Q.

P = 20 – 10Q.

P = 20 – 0. 1Q.

P = 20 – 100Q.

15 Question 15

Questions 14 to 17 relate to the information in Box 1 below.

Box 1.

A market consists of 10 identical consumers, each with a demand curve of P = 20 – Q. The marginal cost of producing this good is constant and equal to $2 per unit.

If this good is a public good, and there are no other externalities of production or consumption, then the efficient quantity to produce would be:

Select one alternative:

20 units.

200 units.

19.8 units.

14.4 units.

9.8 units.