BCS 110: Unit 4 Exam
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BCS 110: Unit 4 Exam
1) Which, if any, of the following statements is not true of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
A) It receives (indirect) input from the dorsal and ventral streams.
B) It is connected to other prefrontal areas via the dorsomedial nucleus.
C) It is necessary and sufficient to carry out executive functions.
D) It outputs to secondary motor cortex to carry out its plans.
E) All statements are true.
2) Individuals who suffer drug withdrawal symptoms are experiencing the effects of _____ tolerance caused by an adaptive shift towards _____ receptors.
A) functional; fewer
B) functional; more
C) metabolic; fewer
D) metabolic; more
3) From an evolutionary perspective, how many pairs of the six basic emotions exhibit the principal of antithesis?
A) zero
B) one
C) two
D) three
4) A patient is suffering from arachnophobia (extreme fear of spiders). Which of the following areas may be a site of dysfunction?
A) substantia nigra
B) locus coeruleus
C) raphe nuclei
D) ventral tegmental area
5) With regard to brain injuries, tumor is to cancerous as
A) stroke is to infarct
B) closed-head is to traumatic brain injury
C) infection is to virus
D) neurotoxin is to lead
For the sets below, match each phrase on the left with a single corresponding response on the right. Write your answer on the line in front of the number. Some responses may be used multiple times, others not at all.
With regard to drugs of abuse and reward circuit neurons: direct effects and molecules affected (graded independently):
Effect Mol
D H
_ __ _ __
C _E__
B H
_ __ _ __
C G
_ __ _ __
A _F__
Drug
6) alcohol
7) cocaine
8) heroin
9) marijuana
10) tobacco
Effect
A) increases inflow
B) increases outflow
C) decreases inflow
D) decreases outflow
Molecule
E) dopamine
F) sodium
G) calcium
H) potassium
With regard to areas involved in executive function, personality & morality and emotion:
__I___ 11) produces body reactions to emotion
__H___ 12) produces mental states (feelings)
__F___ 13) bottom-up attention controller
__B___ 14) intelligence (limbic system)
__J___ 15) hub of prefrontal cortex
__E___ 16) agreeableness
__L___ 17) labels emotion of stimuli
__G___ 18) impulse control (“adult” center)
__C___ 19) sets facial expression of emotion
__N___ 20) releases mood-regulating hormone
With regard to psychiatric disorders: one neurotransmitter (NT) imbalance and its source (graded independently):
Imbal Src Disorder
B F
_C__ _J__ 22) schizophrenia (classic target)
D I 23) PTSD
_ __ _H__ 24) mania
_C__ _G__ 25) Tourette’s
NT Imbalance
A) high glutamate
B) low norepinephrine
C) high dopamine
D) low GABA
E) high serotonin
Source
F) locus coeruleus
G) substantia nigra
H) raphe nuclei
I) prefrontal cortex
J) ventral tegmental
With regard to clinical interventions to reduce specific types of brain injury:
__E___ 26) neurotrophin agonists
__A___ 27) antibiotics
__ ___ 28) surgery
__B___ 29) glutamate antagonists
__D___ 30) anticoagulants
A) encephalitis
B) anterograde
C) contusion
D) embolism
E) retrograde
F) neoplasm
With regard to deficits in behavior and the likely location of a brain injury: __H___ 31) irresponsible (not conscientious)
__G___ 32) inability to describe objects
__C___ 33) not motivated to eat/drink
__P___ 34) faulty speech production
__O___ 35) poor hearing
__M___ 36) lack of empathy
__B___ 37) poor motor coordination
__H___ 38) mental rigidity (cannot change
plans)
__C___ 39) low pain tolerance (modulation)
__F___ 40) forgetting CNS structure/function
relationships
41) Mirror neurons are thought to play a functional role in _____ prefrontal cortex.
A) dorsolateral
B) ventrolateral
C) dorsomedial
D) ventromedial
42) Which of the following drugs has the same site-of-action in the reward circuit as opioids?
A) alcohol
B) amphetamines
C) tobacco
D) cocaine
43) A smaller hippocampus would be a causal factor in which of the following types of psychiatric disorders:
A) ADHD
B) schizophrenia
C) depression
D) phobia
E) Tourette’s
44) The glial cells that remove necrotic (dead) tissue following damage to the brain are
A) astrocytes
B) microglia
C) oligodendrocytes
D) Schwann cells
45) The emotional significance of stimuli is assessed by analyzing information in the ______ stream, and the first response is to activate the ______ nervous system.
A) dorsal, autonomic
B) dorsal, somatic
C) ventral, autonomic
D) ventral, somatic
46) “Memories of the future” may be stored in the cingulate cortex.
47) The cell bodies of inhibitory neurons in the reward circuit are located in the _____.
48) For emotional content, the facial expressions of others are “read" ____.
49) Typical antipsychotic drugs will _____ the total number of active neurons in prefrontal cortex.
50) A person falls from a ladder and strikes the back of their head. It is likely that they will show a temporary loss of _____ term memory.
true / false
VTA / n. accumbens / both left-to-right / right-to-left increase / decrease
long / short
2023-06-12