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FIN2101 Business Finance

SECTION A

Answer ALL questions.

Question 1

(a)       Shareholders’ main priority in seeking new investments is to raise the company’s

share value. Management may pursue job security, corporate luxury and higher remuneration” . This clearly depicts how agency problems exist between the owners and the management of a company.

Discuss TWO (2) ways in which such agency problems may be managed. (4 marks)

(b)       Lux Paint and Japan Paint are competitors in the paint industry. You are provided

with selected financial information of Lux Paint in the table below:

Item

Lux Paint

 

 

Total Assets

$500,000

Total Common Equity

$380,000

Total Liabilities

$120,000

 

 

 

 

Gross Profits

$300,000

Earnings Before Interest and Tax

$240,000

Earnings After Tax

$160,000

 

 

 

 

Number of Outstanding shares

30,000

Price Per Share

$18

 

 

(i)        Copy the table below to your answer script and calculate the stipulated ratios (to 2 decimal places) for Lux Paint.

 

Lux Paint

Japan Paint

Earnings Per Share

 

$4.50

Price Earnings Ratio

 

2.67x

Book Value Per Share

 

$12.00

Market Book Ratio

 

1.00x

(4 marks)

(ii)       Based on the information given and your answers in part (i), evaluate which

company has performed better and provide your reasons. (8 marks)

(c)       Financial ratio analysis is useful for evaluating a company’s performance over time and against its competitors. However, there are also limitations that we must be aware of when using ratio analysis. Discuss THREE (3) such limitations. (6 marks)

(d)       Co. Alpha is a firm with $120,000 equity capital and $180,000 debt capital. It is considering  an  opportunity  that  will  provide  a  net  operating  profit  after-tax (NOPAT) of $48,000. Its corporate tax rate is 32% and after-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is 12%.

Calculate the firm’s Economic Value Added (EVA) and evaluate if the firm should accept or reject this investment opportunity. (3 marks)

Question 2

(a)       DMS Workspace forecasted its total funding requirements for the coming year as shown in the table below:

Month

Total funding requirements

(S$)

January

40,000

February

120,000

March

60,000

April

50,000

May

70,000

June

70,000

July

100,000

August

60,000

September

40,000

October

70,000

November

60,000

December

100,000

The company was informed by its bank that short-term loans cost 5.5% p.a. and long-term loans cost 8.2% p.a. Calculate the costs of financing if the company were to adopt each of the following strategy:

(i)       Aggressive funding strategy. (4 marks)

(ii)       Conservative funding strategy. (4 marks)

(b)       It is known that savings deposit accounts in Singapore generate very low returns,

some of which earn as little as 0.05% p.a. Despite this, companies may still place a significant amount of cash with banks.

(i)        State THREE (3) reasons why a company needs to hold cash. (3 marks)

(ii)       What is the alternative to holding cash if a company needs to maintain a

certain level of liquidity and yet improve its returns? Explain your choice.    (3 marks)

(c)       Meatfree Farm has a supplier offering credit terms of 2/45 net 60 for an invoice of $140,000.

(i)        Calculate the cost of giving up the cash discount from the supplier. If the firm’s bank borrowing rate is 9.5%p.a., evaluate if the firm should take up or give up the cash discount. (3 marks)

(ii)       When and how much should the firm pay its supplier? (2 marks)

(d)       ABC  Pte Ltd needs  a  $150,000  loan to  digitalise  its business  and  is  currently evaluating two loan options.

(i)        Bank X is willing to grant a 2-year fixed-rate loan at a premium of 1.2% and the PRIME rate is currently at 4.5%p.a. What is the interest rate that ABC must pay now? What happens to this interest rate if PRIME increases to 5.8%p.a. in one year’s time? (3 marks)

(ii)       Bank Y offers ABC a one-year loan at a stated interest rate of 5.5% p.a. What

is the effective interest rate of the loan if the interest is to be paid at the beginning of the loan? (3 marks)

SECTION B

Answer ALL questions.

Question 3

(a)       Sanctuary Ltd is considering an investment in a garden mowing machine that costs

$650,000. The machine would be fully depreciated to zero value over five years using the straight-line depreciation method.

With the new machine, the firm is projected to generate an additional $350,000 annually in sales revenue and an additional annual cost of $120,000. It also needs an additional net working capital of $60,000 to fund its accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventories. The firm’s cost of capital is 5% and tax rate is 20%.

(i)        State the THREE (3) key motives for capital expenditures. (3 marks)

(ii)      Calculate the Initial Investment (II) of this investment. (3 marks)

(iii)     Calculate the annual Operating Cash Flow (OCF) over the next five years. (3 marks)

(iv)      If the firm can sell the machine for $50,000 at the end of the fifth year, calculate the Terminal Cash Flow (TCF). (3 marks)

(v)       Given your answers above, calculate the investment’s Net Present Value

(NPV). Should the firm go ahead with the purchase of the machine? Why?   (6 marks)

(b)       Delta Investment Ltd is currently evaluating two projects, each costing S$500,000.

The projected cash inflows from the projects are shown below:

 

Project A

Project B

Year

Cash Inflow ($)

Cash Inflow ($)

1

$140,000

$180,000

2

$140,000

$150,000

3

$140,000

$120,000

4

$140,000

$110,000

(i)        Compute the payback periods for the TWO (2) projects. (4 marks)

(ii)       If the firm can only undertake ONE project, which project should the firm accept based on the payback periods? Explain. (3 marks)

Question 4

(a)       Digital Inc. needs to raise funds to buy a new building to expand its business. It is

considering the use of either long-term debt or common equity to  finance this investment proposal.

(i)        Discuss TWO (2) differences between debt and common equity as a source of financing. (4 marks)

(ii)       If Digital Inc. wishes to use common equity to finance the investment, it may

do so via a RIGHTS ISSUE or a PRIVATE PLACEMENT. Discuss these two methods of raising equity, including the differences in the investors and the reasons for raising funds via such methods. (6 marks)

(iii)      Instead of buying the building, Digital Inc. could also consider leasing it.

Discuss TWO (2) advantages and TWO (2) disadvantages of leasing the building versus buying it. (4 marks)

(b)       Canvas Ltd is a  semiconductor company in  Singapore that exports most of its

products overseas. The company has just received an order to export A$250,000 worth of goods to Australia and will receive the payment in Australian dollars in one month’s time. The current spot rate is A$1 = S$1.00.

To hedge against this foreign currency transaction, Canvas has been advised to enter into a forward transaction with its bank at a rate of A$1 = S$0.98

(i)        Name THREE (3) factors that may affect the exchange rate risk that Canvas is exposed to. (3 marks)

(ii)       If the firm hedges its foreign currency risk, what is its cost of hedging via the forward transaction? (4 marks)

(iii)     If the firm chooses not to hedge its foreign currency risk, what is its exchange

gain or loss (in Singapore dollars) in one month’s time if the prevailing spot rate then is A$1 = S$1.03? (4 marks)