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JANUARY 2021

MN-M001: Managing Financial Resources

Question 1

The summarised Statements of Profit or Loss and Financial Position for Rainbow Plc are given below:

2020

£’m

2019

£’m

2020

£’m

2019

£’m

Sales

705

714

Non-current Liabilities

220

170

Gross profit

395

319

Equity

650

600

Operating profit

105

110

Current Liabilities

72

69

Interest

16

12

Non-current assets

839

709

Dividends

18

16

Current Assets

103

130

Ratios for 2019

ROCE

14.3%

Operating profit margin

15.4%

Use of assets ratio

0.9

Current ratio

1.9

Gearing

22.1%

Required:

a) Write  a  report  for  your  manager  using the  information  above.  Your  manager  has suggested that:

You comment generally on the difference between the results for both years. [4 marks]

Then calculate the ratios for 2020 to compare with the ratios shown above for 2019. Your manager has asked that for each ratio you should:

i) State the formulae. [5 marks]

ii) Explain the meaning of the ratio in general terms. [5 marks]

iii) Calculate the ratio for 2020. [5 marks]

iv) Comment on the change in the ratios between 2020 and 2019. [3 marks]

b) State THREE limitations of ratio analysis. [3 marks] [Total 25 marks]

Question 2

Mill Ltd is considering running off road driving courses during the summer months for a total of 13 weeks. The trips could run twice a day for seven days but the sales director is cautious and has suggested that they budget for 10 courses a week. There will be two instructors employed for the 13 weeks.

Table 1. Mill Ltd

Each course is sold at

£200

Rental cost of an off road vehicle for whole 13 weeks

£7,600

Ticket selling costs

£1,200

Petrol costs for off road vehicle for each course

£35

Souvenir badge for each customer

£5

Wages paid to each instructor for a week

£200

Instructor bonus for each time they run a course

£10

Required:

a) For Mill Ltd:

i) Using the figures in Table 1, prepare the budget for the 13 weeks showing the total sales, variable costs, contribution, fixed costs, and profit or loss. [10 marks]

ii) Comment on whether Mill Ltd should run the off road driving courses. [2 marks]

b) Mill Ltd’s competitor Manuff Ltd currently runs 185 racing car courses a year. Other relevant figures are shown below:

Table 2. Manuff Ltd

Fixed costs

£25,000

Selling price of each course

£220

Variable costs

£60

Use the figures in Table 2 to:

i) Calculate the number of units to breakeven. [1 mark]

ii) Calculate the margin of safety in units and as a percentage. [2 marks]

iii) Comment on the margin of safety for Manuff Ltd. [2 marks]

iv) Identify and explain three internal and/or external factors that can influence pricing decisions of both companies. [3 marks]

Question 3

Budgeted sales and purchases figures for Bright Plc for the first five months of 2021 are:

January

February

March

April

May

Sales

£420,000

£475,000

£565,000

£590,000

£460,000

Purchases

£250,000

£280,000

£330,000

£380,000

£340,000

Additional information:

The company's sales are 60% for cash in the month of sale and 40% on credit and are

collected in the month after the sale.

Raw materials are purchased, for cash, in the same month that the sales occur. Wages are £90,000 a month.  There is an 8% pay rise planned for May.

Other expenses are estimated as £16,000 per month increasing by 25% in March 2021 .

These other expenses are paid in the month incurred.

Dividends of £120,000 will be paid to shareholders in May 2021 .

Machinery is due to be replaced in May 2021 at a cost of £30,000. Bright Plc will raise

additional finance by issuing new ordinary share capital for £15,000 in April 2021 .

Loan interest of £60,000 is due in March 2021.

Taxation of £140,000 is due in May 2021.

The budgeted opening bank balance is expected to be £15,000 at 1st  March 2021.

Required:

a) Produce Bright Plc’s cash budget for the three months ending 31 May 2021 and explain why cash budgets are used in business. [20 marks]

b) Using your answers to a) above, explain what strategies the management of Bright plc could employ in the timing of cash flows to avoid a cash deficit. [5 marks] [Total 25 marks]

Question 4

Johnson Ltd produces cardboard boxes. It has a year-end of 31st December 2020. The Trial Balance is below:

Dr £m

Cr £m

Opening inventory

3,600

Purchases

75,920

Administration & distribution expenses

60,500

Sales

180,400

Building

185,000

Machinery

55,000

Delivery vans

23,500

Ordinary £1.5 shares

150,000

Share premium

18,000

Retained profits

47,000

Trade receivables

22,300

Trade payables

30,420

425,820

425,820

Additional information:

i)   On 1st   January 2020, the company took a loan of £40,000m with 5% interest. The loan interest for this year has been paid in cash on October 2020.

ii)  Wages owing to employees as at 31st  December 2020 amounted to £30,000m.

iii)  Dividends of £10,500m were paid to ordinary shareholders on December 2020 in cash.

iv) Inventories at 31st  December 2020 were valued at £2,820m

v)  Taxation on profits for the year is estimated at £1,700m.