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EFIM10008 (Mathematical and Statistical Methods)
Assignment 1

This assignment comprises seven Multiple Choice Questions (each worth 4%) and two long- answer questions (each worth 36%). You should attempt all questions.

Please note that the multiple choice questions may have more than one answer. You do not need to show work for the multiple choice questions, but you must prepare full solutions for the long- answer questions.  We will mark your assignment partially on the correct solution and partially  on your process of finding the solution.  This means that you should show your work.  Just            writing the correct answer will not get you full marks.  You need to show us, through your steps and brief explanations, that you have a good understanding of the material.

Multiple Choice Questions (4 Marks Each)

Q1     If an individual has discount factor, 6 = 0.8, and their discount rate is r, then it must be true that:

PLEASE CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

(a)                                                                                    T = 80%

(b)                                                                                   T = 25%

(c)                                                                                    T = 20%

(d)                                                                                   T = 0.8%        (e)                                                                           None of the above

Q2    Interest paid is twice a year and the AER is 5%. If I save £100, then in two years I will have:

PLEASE CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

(a)     £121.55

(b)     £110.52

(c)      £110.38

(d)     £110.25

(e)     £105.60

Q3                                                                   f(x) = {

PLEASE CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

(a)     f(x) is continuous everywhere

(b)     f(x) cant be differentiated anywhere

(c)     f(x) is undefined when x = 10

(d)     x(l)f(x) = 0

(e)     f(x) in an increasing function

Q4    Which of the following function(s) have |MRSx,y | =

PLEASE CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

(a) U(x, y) = x a yF

(b) U(x, y) = xFy a

(c) U(x, y) = ax + Fy

(d) U(x, y) = a ln(x) + F ln(y)

(e) U(x, y) = eax eFy

Q5     Consider the following demand function for good 1:

Q1 (p1, p2 , Y) = a bp1  + cp2  + dY

Where p1  is the price of good 1, p2  is the price of an alternative good, and Y is income. (a,b,c,d are positive constants)

PLEASE CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

(a)     The income elasticity of demand wont depend on a, b or c .

(b)     Good 1 and good 2 are complements

(c)      Good 1 and good 2 are substitutes

(d)     The own price elasticity of demand is −b                   (e)      Higher income results in higher demand of good 1.

Q6    Consider the following total cost function:

TC(Q) = 800 + 2Q2  + 18Q

PLEASE CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

(a)      Marginal cost is always increasing in Q

(b)     Average cost is always increasing in Q

(c)      Total cost is minimised when Q = 20

(d)     Marginal cost>Average cost if Q > 20 (e)     Total cost is not defined when Q = 10

Q7

f(x) =

PLEASE CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

(a)     The function is undefined when x = 1

(b)     x(li)f(x) = +

(c)      x(li)f(x) = 

(d)     xf(x) = 0

(e)     xf(x) = −∞

Long-Answer Questions

Q8

Adele lives in South Africa and faces the following tax on her income (table 1) The currency is ZAR and you may assume 1 USD is worth 20 ZAR.

Taxable income (ZAR)

Marginal Rates of tax

1  226,000

18%

226,000 – 353,100

26%

353,100 – 488,700

31%

488,700– 641,400

36%

641,400 – 817,600

39%

817,600 – 1,731,600

41%

Over 1,731,600

45%

Table 1: Income tax rates and thresholds in South Africa

(a)  Write a function, Z(U), which converts ZAR to US dollars

(b)  Write a function, NSA(G), which expresses net income, in USD, as a function of gross income in USD.

Now Adele is thinking about moving to the UK. Assume her gross income won’t change, but she would instead have to pay tax at UK rates rather than South African rates (i.e. she would face the taxes in table 2). Assume 1 GBP (£)  is worth 1.13 USD.

Taxable income

(GBP)

Marginal Rates of tax

1 – 12,570

0%

12,570 – 50,270

20%

50,270 – 150,000

40%

Over 150,000

45%

Table 2: Income tax rates and thresholds in UK

(c)  Write a function, NUK(G), which expresses net income, in USD, as a function of gross income in USD.

(d)  Sketch the NUK(G) function.

(e)  What is the interpretation of the functions f(G) =  and ℎ(G) =  ?

 

(f)   Calculate lim f(G) and lim  ℎ(G)

→ ∞                               G → ∞

(g)   Carefully explain if Adele would have a higher net income if she moved to the UK?

Q9

There are four people (Ellie, Fred, Grant, Hugh) each with different utility functions:

uE (x) = x0.4

uF (x) = x0.8

uG (x) = x

uH (x) = x1.2

Everyone has £100, which they can either keep in a Bank account (money is safe but there is no       interest) or invest in a (£100) bond of a small (risky) company Alphapharma” . If they choose the     bond, there are two equally likely outcomes: They either get £0 (i.e. lose the money if the company fails), or get £200 (i.e. make £100 profit).

a)   Explain which individuals would invest in Alphapharma.

Now assume that the government has decided that small companies like Alphapharma would benefit from more investment, so introduce an incentive scheme. The details are as follows:

•   The government instantly gives the investor 25% of the amount invested. Assume this cannot be re-invested.

Under this new scheme:

b)   Write down how much money an investor would have in each of the two outcomes if they chose the bond

c)   Carefully explain if Alphapharma would attract any additional investment? (when compared to (a) above)

Now assume that the government introduces an even more generous scheme. In addition to the above :

•   If the company fails, the government gives the investor p% back of the total amount invested.

Under this more generous scheme:

d)   Write down how much money an investor would have in each of the outcomes if they chose the bond (as a function of p)

e)   Calculate how large p would need to be to ensure all four individuals invested.